Small oil-burner-stove unit



Dec. 14 1926.

1,610,486 J. L. BREESE, JR

SMALL GIL BURNER STOVE UNIT Filed Feb. 8, 1926 L I'. I lll/mum C# )I C5 U3 c4 E-i .Ta med L'. Brema/'ff @wle/lfm lars . forations B7. Its bottom is closed by a conf Patented Dec. 14, 1926.

UNITED STATES PATENT JAMES L. BREESE, JR., oF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, AssIGNoR rro aUAxEn MNICTUR- INC contraint, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ak CORPORATION or I LLIQN Isrfm SMALL CIL-BURNEn-s'rovn UNIT.

I Application led February 8, 1926. Serial No. 86,697.

My invention relates to an oil heater and particularly to a small oil heating unit for domestic use. One object is the provision of a small oil burner heating unit. .Another object is the provision of such a unit in which the supply of air and the supply of fuel to the combustion zone are simply and easily controlled. Other objects will appear from time to time in the course of the speciication.

I illustratemy invention more or less diagrammatically in the accompanying dra-win As, wherein- 41igure 1 is a ver-tical section;

Figure 2 is an enlarged detail section; and

Figure 3 is a detail section of the control valve.

Like parts are indicated by like symbols throughout the speciiication.

A generally indicates a stove assembly having the legs A1 and the bottom member A2 with the downwardly depending rim A3. l B is an outer cylindrical section resting upon theI bottom A2 and supporting the' partition ring B1 having an upwardly pro- )ecting flange B2and the downwardly depending' ianges B1 B4. The flange Bs serves to center the vring B1 within the cylinder B and the flange .B4 centers the inner Dburner drum or cylinder B5. The drum B1 Iis pgerforated at a plurality of points as at 1 and is provided with an upper line of larger-or more frequent p ercave plate B8 in which is preferably a bed of sand or similar nely divided material 1. Communicating 4with it is the oil line C is the upper stove cylinder, or radiating member, resting upon the plate B1 and centered by the flange B2( It is closed, for example by the lid C1', which is provided with an opening C2 and a cover C3, therefor. C* is a flue for the exhaust gases of combustion. C1s is a gate member closed by the swinging gate C". C7 C11A are outwoardly projecting downwardly depending rin s for protective and .ornamental purposes.

D is any suitable fuel tank, with the removable lid D1. It is supported for example by an upper leg Dx and a lower leg D2 the two being slotted in opposition as at D3 to permit the passage of an adjusting-'screw D4. D5 is a float chamber, separated kfrom the interior of the tank by the horizontal partition D11. D7 is a strainer adapted to surround the inlets D8 to the oil passagegD".

The passage D is controlled for example by the shut-oit valve stem D10 which; is screw threaded as at D11 for axial movement in response to rotation. J

E is a float in the form of a shallow pan with an interior generally cylindrical portion E1 and a float valve point E2. .l -v

The fuel line B10, which extends from the iioat chamber D5 to the concave burner plate B8, is controlled for example by the valve G in which is positioned a valve seat G1 and a needle G2 controlled'by the valve stem G3. The stem G3 is pivoted to a-lever G1 which in turn is pivoted intermediate its ends upon the bracket'G. A link G8 depends from its opposite end and is pivoted to one arm of the bellcrank lever G7, the opposite arm of such lever being secured to the rod G8 which extends to the air controlling slide G9 adapted to control the air inlet G10. G11 is a control rod engaging the opposite end of the slide G9 and terminating in an external handle member G12.

It will be realized that whereas I have illustrated a ractical and operative device that nevertheIless many changes might be made in the size, shape, number and disposition of parts without departing from the spirit of my invention and that I wish my description-to be taken as in a broad sense diagrammatic and illustrative rather than as limiting me to my specific showing.

The Characteristic method or process of combustion effected with thevpresent burner is described in greater detail and Claimed in co-pending applications.

The use and operation of my invention are as follows:

I illustrate a stove unit comprising a lower drum. and an upper drum, the combustion drum proper being centered within the lower drum, 1ts open top communicating with the bottom of the upper drum, the lower drum being indicated as B, the upper drum as C and the inner burner drumor c linder as B1. lIn the use of my device t e upper drum is the flame container and drum B housesand protects the combustion y drum B5 and provides it with a controlled supply of air, the combustion drum being perforated throughout its periphery.- The supply of air'is controlled b the slide or damper Gr9 in the air inlet 11, such inlet being the sole passageway through which air is permitted to iow inwardly into the combustion unit.

The combustion drum B5 is herein shown as provided with a concave bottom in which is positioned a layer 0i sand or similar finely divided material. Any suitable means4 may be employed to deliver a supply of oil to this concave bottom, and I illustrate an oil tank D with a float chamber D5. This iioat chamber serves to control the level of oil inthe concave bottom f the cylinder B5, the details of iioat chamber and ioat being above described but forming no part of the present invention. 'It is suiiicient to point out that when the oil in the ffloat chamber D5 is depleted, the drop in the float permit-s an increased supply of fuel to flow into the oat chamber. This inflow offuel, in turn, flows along the line B10. f

I provide means for controlling the volume of How along the line B1", namely the valve G actuated by the valve stem G3 which may be moved in unison with the slide or chamber G", in responseto movement of the handle G12. I thus provide an automatic increase of the fuel flow in response to an increase ofthe infiowing volume of air, a1- though, if desired, this automatic flow may be dispensed with.

VIt is characteristicl of my burner that the liquid uel is vaporized by the radiant heat of the combustion going on above it and that an incombustible or only partially combustible mixture is ormedin -the bottom and throughout the body of the cylinder B, which does not become fully combustible until it receives the additional mixture ot air through the upper line of-ports B7, the vaporized fuel rising steadily, during this mixing process, until it reaches the area of complete combustion.

As eariler shown, the wall of the cylinder Bl5 is penetrated along its upper portion by a row of relatively lar e or relativel nu-r merous apertures, whic converging jets of air. The lower portion of the walls of the cylinder B5 is penetrated by a number of small apertures, and I prefer a large number of small apertures to a small number of large apertures, since I thus avoid eddy currents and cut down the length o f directed iiow of the pencils of inflowing air.

, The liquid fuel in and along the surface of the sand bed is vaporized by the radiant -G5` heat of combustion and must therefore rise upwardly from the sand. The iniowing air direct a serles of* through the apertures B is insufiicient to support complete'. combustion but forms a rich mixture.

As the rich mixture reaches the level of the upper row of apertures it is thinned out and mixed with air sucient to support complete combustion.'

- It is essential that any back-draft beavoided, since delicate balance of combustion is immediately overthrown. I therefore employ the flap gate C*l which islightly hinged in the aperture C?. In case there is a back-draft down the Hue C4, instead of causing an eddy of cold air 4into the drum B5 it merely thrusts out the gate C, which thus relieves the pressure in the cylinder C, and permits the regular upward movement of the` vaporized fuel from the cylinder B5 into tln cylinder C and its conse uent normal combustion. The normal dra t being up 'the flue C4, the consequent lreduced air pressure within the cylinder is. sufiicient to hold the door C normally in position.

I claim: 1. In an oil heater, a radiating member, a mixing and combustion chamber associated therewith and in communication with the interior thereof, means for delivering air to said combustion chamber, a flue passage extending from the radiating member,and a member, associated with said radiating member. adapted to indicate back-drafts down said iue, and. into said radiating member and combustion chamber.

l 2.n In an oil heater, a radi'atlng member,

a mixing and combustion chambery associat ed therewith and in communication with the interior thereof, means for delivering`air to said combustion chamber, a iue passage extending fromthe radiating member, and a member, associated with said radiating member, adapted to indicate back-drafts down said flue, and into said 4radiating member and combustion chamber, comprising a hinged gate of light material mounted 1n the wall of said radiating member.

3. In an oil heater having a radiating member and a combustion chamber .associated therewith, combined observation and back-draft indicating means comprisingv a hinged gate 'of translucent material, said gate being mounted in the wall of said radiating member.

4. In an oil heater, a radiating member, a mixing and combustion chamber associated `therewith and means for supplying liquid fuel'and air thereto, an exhaust member for the outlet of the gases of combustion and means for indicating a back-draft down suc'h member "and into the combustion chamber.

5. In an oil heater,'a radiating member, a mixing and combustion chamber associated therewith and means for supplying liquid fuel and air thereto, an exhaust member for the outlet of the gases of combustion and means for indicating a back-draft down such member and into the combustion chamber member, a flue extending therefrom, a com'- bustion chamber positioned at the bottom of the radiating member and upwardly communicating therewith, the wall of the combustion chamber being provided with a plurality of apertures, an air chamber sur rounding saidcombustion chamber and in" communication with said radiating member only through said apertures,fan air inlet for said air chamber and means for controlling it, afuel line extending to said combustion chamber, means for controlling the Aflow of fuel therealong, arid a member, associated lwith said radiating member, adapted to indicate back drafts down the flue and to permit the escape of air from `said radiating member during such backdrafts.

7: An oil heater comprising a base member, a drum mounted thereupon. a bottom member for said drum, penetrated by an air admission aperture, an; adjustable closure in said aperture, an annular partition member supported within the -upper edge of said drum, an inner perforated drum in engagement therewith anddownwardly depending therefrom within said first mentioned drum, a radiator member positioned above said first mentioned drum and supported upon said annular partition member, a cover member therefor and a flue in connection therewith.

8. A'n oil heater comprising a basemembei', a drum mountedothereupon, a bottom member for said drum, penetrated b an air aperture, an annular partition mem er supported upon the upper edge of said drum,

a downwardly depending centering liange about the outer edge thereof, a downwardly depending ange about the inner edge thereof, an inner perforated drumfin engagement',`

I JAMESL. BREESE, JR. 

